Deconstruction Free Essays

A post-structuralism adding looks to this chain of importance so as to show that isn't supported all through such works, or indicating that he two terms are not oppositional yet are reliant and interrelated (Senators 145). There is philosophical affirmation of the way that what individuals experience and guarantee to think about this world show up only just as they are comprehended by the human psyche. Consequently, there is a division made between the psychological appearance and the â€Å"things in themselves. We will compose a custom article test on Deconstruction or on the other hand any comparable theme just for you Request Now † This sets stage for limitability of such work as consolidates division of the things and the words, state of talks for the presence of things inside our insight or the frameworks of truth versus the genuine articles in the material world. Besides Dermis’s composition is normally troublesome since he IS made mindful of the issues of metallurgy, that is, the expressions, terms, illustrations and jargon as utilized in the depiction of culture and reasoning as communicated in words, and the turns and bits of representation and talk we get tied up with when making and composing contentions (Wise 89). Deconstruction doesn’t mean destruction of truth or reality, however sabotaging fantasies in our philosophies and draw in that profess to raise obvious all inclusive or common reason for conviction and information. The most effective method to refer to Deconstruction, Papers

Exam 1, incarceration Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Test 1, imprisonment - Essay Example In a differing society, it is the duty of all individuals to regard and worth the interests of all people paying little mind to their sex, ethnicity, age, appearance, citizenship, business, economic wellbeing, sexual direction, undetectable and noticeable incapacities, language, race, religion, conjugal status and sex character (Wilson, Gallagher and MacKenzie, 2000). Social decent variety is basic in molding contemporary relationship practices and exercises. Social assorted variety improves shared relationship among's customers and specialist co-ops. Also, social assorted variety impacts restorative track and all inclusive community development and structure. Social assorted variety encourages shared collaboration between individuals from various social and social foundations. Aside from improving common communication between people from various social foundations, social assorted variety is amazingly basic in upgrading a multicultural society. Most current social orders are made out of individual from various social settings. This is explicitly the situation in metropolitan settings. At long last, social decent variety is fundamental in deciding the working and structures of relationship projects, establishments and offices. The three-strike laws are resolutions that were ordered by United States of America government. The resolutions offered forces to the country’s courts to force serious assents to people who are indicted for at least three criminal offenses. Under general conditions, just people who have submitted genuine crimes are exposed to extreme discipline. Nonetheless, under three-strike laws, the extent of the discipline will rely upon the earnestness of the lawful offense. Jail sentences were additionally expected to go from at least 25 years to a limit of life detainment (Zimring, Hawkins and Kamin, 2001). A section from expanding detainment period, three-strike law likewise confines offenders’

Socialism Characteristics, Pros, Cons, Examples and Types

Socialism Characteristics, Pros, Cons, Examples and Types In the early to mid-20th century, socialism was all the rage. Several countries adopted socialist ideas in some form or the other. Unfortunately, many countries that experimented with socialism failed â€" Cuba, Cambodia, Chile, Hungary, North Korea, Venezuela, the Soviet Union, and many others â€" leading to the decline of socialism.Surprisingly, socialism is experiencing a resurgence in the 21st century, in part due to the growing economic disparity and due to the influence of socialist politicians like Jeremy Corbyn in the UK and Bernie Sanders in the United States. According to a poll by Gallup, majority of you people today have a positive view towards socialism.Despite the resurgence in the popularity of the socialist ideology, there is a lack of understanding of what exactly socialism is. The term has been misused and overused to the point where it has almost lost its meaning.As more and more people gravitate towards the socialist ideal, let’s take a look at what exactly socia lism is.WHAT IS SOCIALISM Socialism is essentially a political and economic system of social organization where the means of production and distribution are collectively owned by the society, as opposed to capitalism which advocates for private ownership of the means of production.Means of production include things such as factories, land, raw materials, machinery and so on. The collective ownership may be effected through the state or through cooperative unions.One of the most common misconceptions about socialism is that individuals are not allowed to own personal items. While socialism advocates against private ownership of means of production, it doesn’t prohibit the ownership of personal items.Therefore, if the country adopts socialist ideology, you don’t have to worry that the state will take away your television or your book collection. These are personal items.Since the means of production under socialism are owned by society as a whole, the value derived from these mean s of production also belongs to the society collectively. Each person receives their share of the value created by the means of production based on their contribution.Before profits are distributed, a percentage is deducted to cater for common needs such as education, health, transportation, defense and welfare for those who cannot contribute directly to production, such as children and the elderly.WHERE DID SOCIALISM COME FROM?Socialism rose to prominence in the mid-19th century in opposition to the economic inequality brought about by early capitalism. By the turn of the 19th century, the industrial revolution and the resulting industrial capitalism had led to very inhumane working conditions.There were no rights for workers, extremely low wages, extremely long working hours, and zero safety provisions. As the elite class of capitalists grew richer and richer, the working class were wallowing in extreme poverty.Socialism rose as a reaction to the injustices of early capitalism. On e of the first people to advocate for socialism was a Welsh mill owner and idealist known as Robert Owen, who used is wealth to create utopian communities based on socialist ideals. Unfortunately, his socialist experiments ended up in failure and cost him a huge chunk on his wealth. Still, the idea of socialism did not die. Instead, it took root by the mid-19th century, thanks to the rise of trade unions and the writings of a German philosopher named Karl Marx.Karl Marx used systematic analysis to show the shortcomings of capitalism and the exploitation and alienation that resulted from it. According to Marx, workers were the source of wealth, yet, through capitalism, this wealth went to the hands of a few instead of trickling back to the workers.Through his writings, he advocated for a revolution which would see the working class collectively own the means of production. Following Marx’s writings, various countries started experimenting with various versions of socialism.PRINCIPL ES OF SOCIALISMSome of the principles of socialism include:Public OwnershipThis is the core tenet of socialism. In a socialist economy, the means of production and distribution are owned, controlled and regulated by the public, either through the state or through cooperatives.The basic motive is not to use the means of production for profit, but rather for the interest of social welfare.Economic PlanningUnlike in a capitalist economy, a socialist economy is not driven by the laws of supply and demand. Instead, all economic activities â€" production, distribution, exchange and consumption â€" are planned and coordinated by a central planning authority, which is usually the government.A socialist economy relies on the central planning authority for distribution of wealth, instead of relying on market forces.Egalitarian SocietySocialism rose as an opposition to the economic inequality brought about by early capitalism. As such, it aims for an egalitarian society where there are no clas ses. Ideally, all the people within a socialist economy should have economic equality.Provision of Basic NeedsIn a socialist economy, the basic needs â€" food, shelter, clothing, education, health and employment â€" are provided by the government without any discrimination. This is one of the greatest advantages of socialism.Provision of basic needs by the government can, however, result in the masses thinking that they cannot survive without the government, creating a perfect environment for the rise of authoritarian governments.No CompetitionTypically, when you want to buy a car, you are spoilt for choice. There are different brands and different models with varying features and prices.It’s up to you to choose one the best one for you. The same applies for many other products.In a socialist economy, there is no competition in the market since the state is the sole entrepreneur. The state only focuses on provision of necessities, which results in limited consumer choice.Price Con trolYou might be wondering how prices are regulated in an economy without any market competition. In socialist economies, the prices of products are controlled and regulated by the state.The states sets both the market price for consumer goods and the accounting price which helps managers make decisions about productions of goods.Social WelfareAnother major reason behind the rise of socialism was to protect the working class from exploitation. Under socialist systems, there is no exploitation.The state takes care of the working class through employment protection, minimum wages and trade union recognition rights.WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN SOCIALISM AND COMMUNISM? If you listen to conversations around the topic, you will notice that many people use the terms socialism and communism interchangeably. But do these terms mean the same thing?Though often confused, socialism and communism are two distinct philosophies with distinct differences. The confusion between the two terms stems from the fact that both socialism and communism seek to establish equality among all members of the society, both advocate for public ownership of resources and that both depend on individual contribution to the society based on one’s ability.That said, there are some very big differences between the two systems.First, socialism is a liberal system. The central authority in charge of the economy (whether this is the government or a cooperative) is popularly elected, giving the people a say on the running of the economy.Communism, on the other hand, is more authoritarian. The people do not have any say over the running of the economy. Second, socialism advocates for the distribution of wealth produced by the economy according to an individual’s productivity. Workers earn wages that they can spend on whatever they want.This gives people an incentive to work harder. Under communism, wealth is distributed according to the government’s assessment of an individual’s needs. There is little incentive to achieve more or innovate. As a result, communism is often characterized by low production, limited advancement and mass poverty.Finally, socialism and communism differ based on their approach to ownership of property. Under socialism, the means of production are publicly owned, while individuals retain the right to own and enjoy personal property. For instance, an individual can own a television but cannot own a factory that produces televisions.Under communism, everything is publicly owned. Individuals are only given the right of usage, while ownership is ultimately retained by the state. You can think of it as living within a military barracks. You might be assigned a house to live in and a vehicle to commute with.While you have the right to use and take care of both items, they do not belong to you. If you leave the military, the military will take control of the house and car and assign them to another soldier.TYPES OF SOCIALISMThere are various types of s ocialism, each emphasizing different aspects of socialist ideology and each advocating for different methods of turning capitalism to socialism.However, all forms of socialism share social ownership as a common element. The major types of socialism include:Market SocialismThis is a type of socialism where the means of production is owned by workers. Goods produced are distributed among the workers, while any excess production is sold on the free market.In this kind of socialism, production and consumption are controlled and regulated by market forces instead of the state.Democratic SocialismThis type of socialism results from the merging of the democratic system with socialist goals. A government that is chosen through popular election manages the means of production.Authoritarian State SocialismThis is an extreme type of socialism where all means of production are owned and controlled by the state.Authoritarian state socialism advocates for strict obedience to state by the people, even if that means they should forego their rights. Marxism-Leninism is an example of authoritarian state socialism.Revolutionary SocialismThis is a socialist doctrine that believes that it is impossible to instill social change peacefully. Revolutionary socialism believes that the transition from capitalism to socialism can only be effected through a revolution.Utopian SocialismThis term is used to refer to the first wave of modern socialist thought as pushed by the works of people such as Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon and Etienne Cabet.Their ideology is referred to as utopian because it is more of a vision than a concrete plan. Utopian socialism cannot be achieved in reality.Libertarian SocialismThis term refers to anti-authoritarian socialist philosophies that believe centralized state ownership and control of the economy is not necessary for socialism to be achieved.Religious SocialismThis refers to forms of socialist ideology that are based on religious val ues. Many religious values about human society are aligned with socialist ideas and have been used to advocate for socialism.Any form of socialism that developed within a religion can be termed as religious socialism.Green SocialismThis is a type of socialism that merges socialist thought with green politics. Green socialism advocates for preservation of natural resources.Fabian SocialismThis type of socialism advocates for achievement of democratic socialism through gradual reforms and other peaceful means, rather than through revolution.BENEFITS OF SOCIALISMSocialism has a number of benefits which made it an appealing economic system at a time when capitalism was rife with injustices and exploitation. Some of the benefits of socialism include:Social JusticeThis is perhaps the greatest advantage of socialism. Socialism advocates for elimination of economic inequalities and the even and equitable distribution of the national income. Under socialism, everyone gets their fair share of the national wealth. All the people are given equal opportunities and exploitation is eliminated.Production Based On NeedOne of the major downsides of capitalism is that production depends on the purchasing power of the tiny elite. The super-rich ride in Lamborghinis and travel in private jets while the poor cannot afford a meal. Socialism prevents such scenarios. Under socialist economies, production is directed to ensure that the basic needs of the masses are met first.Egalitarian Distribution Of Wealth And IncomeSocialist economies are dedicated to providing equal opportunities for all. There is no exploitation. Wealth is distributed to workers based on their input to the economy. This prevents situations where a few members of society piggyback on the efforts of workers to create and amass wealth for themselves.Rapid Economic DevelopmentUnder a socialist economy, there is a central authority in charge of planning for the use of resources and making quick decisions. Resources ar e used fully and there is minimal wastage. This leads to fast economic growth of socialist states. A good example of this is the development that was made by the USSR in its early years.Balanced Economic DevelopmentWith the economic planning that is central to socialism, development can be carried out in a balanced manner within the entire country. Instead of having development focused on certain areas, economic planning ensures that all regions are developed, including backward areas. Similarly, planning ensures that all sectors of the economy develop at par with each other.Economic StabilitySocialism also minimizes the risk of economic instability. Under capitalism, economies often undergo fluctuations, which can lead to wastage of resources and high levels of unemployment. This is very unlikely in a socialist economy. Since the economy is well planned, and owing to the fact that there is no private investment, economic fluctuations are a rare occurrence in socialist economies.Eco logical ConservationOne of the biggest problems with capitalistic economies is that there is great disregard for natural resources. Private enterprises care more about profits than the future of the world. Socialism, on the other hand, is not driven by profit. Since the economy is controlled by a central authority, this authority can plan for the future and put in place measures to ensure that the country’s natural resources are conserved and utilized efficiently.Minimal Exploitation And Class StrugglesOne of the main objectives of socialism is to create a classless society where all members are equal. There is no rich class that can exploit the poor. There is no discrimination and no favors accorded to some members of the society because everyone is equal. This eliminates the class struggles that are a major part of capitalistic economies.Social WelfareAnother advantage of socialism is that it caters for the needs of all members of society. All the basic needs of an individual ar e catered for by the state. Imagine a situation where the state provides you with food, a house, clothing, healthcare, education and employment. If you get involved in an accident while performing your duties, the state cares and provides for your family as you recover. In such an economy, people can dedicate themselves to work without a lot of worry about tomorrow, which leads to increased productivity. Compare this to capitalist societies where a person might be employed yet doesn’t earn enough to get house to sleep at night or to pay for healthcare when he falls sick.DISADVANTAGES OF SOCIALISMDespite its numerous advantages, socialism is not all virtue. Socialism also has its disadvantages, some of which ultimately led to the fall of some economies that were purely socialistic. Some of the disadvantages of socialism include:No Suitable Basis Of Cost CalculationIn a capitalistic economy, the cost of production and the subsequent pricing of products is determined by market forces . In socialistic economies, on the other hand, market forces are not at play. Since the means of production are owned by the government, which also doubles as the sole entrepreneur, the means of production do not have a market price. This creates a situation where there is no suitable basis of calculating the production costs for goods and services.Lack Of IncentiveSocialism advocates for communal wellbeing over personal gain or self-interest. Since socialism is against the accumulation of wealth for yourself, it gets to a point where additional effort on your part does not result in any gain for yourself. Without the motive for profit, workers lack the incentive to work hard and be innovative. This ultimately leads to low productivity and decreases the rate of economic development.Lack Of Economic FreedomThrough social ownership, socialism takes away people’s freedom to enterprise, which in turn takes away people’s free choice of occupation. Unlike in capitalistic economies whe re you are free to choose your occupation, workers are assigned jobs by the planning authority in a socialistic economy. The workers cannot change their jobs without the consent of the planning authority.Lack Of Consumer FreedomCapitalistic economies provide consumers with choice. You don’t like Coca-Cola? You can drink Pepsi. Feel like a Ferrari is too expensive for you? Well, you can go ahead and buy a Mercedes, or a Chevy. Basically, you have freedom of choice. Under a socialist economy, you don’t have such choice. The planning authority determines the products that will be produced as well as the prices for this products. If you don’t like a product or its price, there is not much you can do. It’s a take-it-or-leave-it situation.EXAMPLES OF SOCIALISMToday, it would be hard to point to countries that are purely socialist. Still, there are countries that identify as majorly socialist, though they also incorporate some little forms of capitalism or communism.Some examples o f such communist countries include:Before its collapse in 1991, the U.S.S.R was a socialist state. All the means of production were controlled by the state. If you wanted milk in the morning, you got it from the government. The cow and the land were owned by the state. Owning a cow for commercial purposes would be treated as a crime.Cuba is another prominent example of a socialist nation. The government controls the economy, all levels of education, the national health education, housing, subsidized food programs, utilities, and even entertainment. The country does not have a stock exchange, which is a major indicator that the country is not capitalistic. 80% of the workforce in Cuba works in state facilities.North Korea is another country that is majorly socialist. Its economy and several social programs are ran by the state. Just like Cuba, North Korea does not have a stock exchange.China cannot be termed as purely socialist, though it still has some aspects of socialism. While th e country has abolished state-run healthcare, many regions in China are socialist. Capitalism is only allowed in specific geographic zones known as Special Economic Zones. Anyone who wants to own their own business in China has to move to these Special Economic Zones.Countries like Turkmenistan, Laos, Zambia, Belarus, Venezuela, Vietnam, and Syria are also considered to be socialist, since their governments are strongly involved in different sectors like healthcare, social programs and the media.WRAPPING UPLately, the term socialism has become increasingly popular, though many have been misusing the term without a proper understanding of its real meaning. Socialism is an economic system of social organization where the means of production are socially owned, rather than being privately owned.Socialism was brought into mainstream popularity by the writings of Karl Max. There are various types of socialism, each emphasizing different aspects of socialist ideology and each advocating f or different methods of turning capitalism to socialism.Like all other economic and political philosophies, socialism has its benefits and disadvantages.Today, while socialism has lost its place as a major economic ideology in the world, we still have a number of countries that practice socialism, either fully or partially, including countries like Cuba, Chin, North Korea, Venezuela and Vietnam.

Challenges Nurses Face in Healthcare - 833 Words

Ethical climate moral distress, and trust worthiness are some of the few challenges that nurses face. According to Filipova, her researched proved that there is a direct correlation between ethical standards and their climate, by stating that â€Å"ethical climate has been associated with ethical behavior, developing knowledge about ethical climate in nursing facilities takes on a critical role (Filipova, 2009, para. 574)†. Climate plays a huge role in ethics because as a society we tend to form relationship with coworkers. Filipova supported this theory by utilizing Van Maaren and Bradley in her research that provided two explanations about common perception and similar attitudes (Filipova, 2009, p. 576). â€Å"Task interdependence, reporting†¦show more content†¦Her research shows a relationship in the amount of moral codes an individual has, and their ability to handle environmental pressures to conform to the expectations of others (Laabs, 2009, p. 431). Laabs qu otes that â€Å"it is a process in that the person recognizes that there will be challenges to their moral integrity, for which they must be prepared, and expects to grow in their ability to manage challenges (Laabs, 2009, p. 433)†. In Laabs research strategies, she found that moral distress was decreased when â€Å"the individual employed avoidance, utilize self-protective measures, communication, building relationship with others, as well as advocating for patients and themselves (Laabs, 2009, para. 435)†. However, Laabs research also noted that the â€Å"pressure to conform and horizontal hostility as Bartholomew calls the reputation among nurses of eating their young and each other’, has been shown to contribute to moral distress. Research has found that ‘discounting self is an actual strategy employed by nurses in ethical decision making, one that includes fear of retaliation or being labeled as disruptive, reacting to moral problems rather than ref lecting on them, distancing oneself due to lack of knowledge and uncertainty, and conforming to the dictates of others, all results in ‘lateral violence’ (Laabs, 2009, para. 437)†. â€Å"Despite the professions stance of openness and tolerance, research by Rather contends that nurses are product of an educational socialization thatShow MoreRelatedThe Impact of Nursing Education and Practice1195 Words   |  5 Pagesan improvement in the healthcare profession. This paper will highlight the impact that the given recommendations can have on the nursing practice, nursing education and leadership of the nurses in healthcare profession. 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These â€Å"databases are an organized collection of data typically stored in anRead MoreTransforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology885 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Transforming Nursing and Healthcare Through Technology Introduction The unification of healthcare information systems must be driven first by the continual integration of key process areas, ensuring responsiveness to each stakeholder and most of all, the patient. Integration between healthcare systems however can be daunting and aside from the costs of change management, the most costly aspect of any healthcare information technology initiative (Sadeghi, Benyoucef, Kuziemsky, 2012). The intentRead MoreThe Role Of Professional Socialization During The Transition Period1686 Words   |  7 Pagesoccurs when individuals are exposed to different socialization agents including clients, peers, faculty, healthcare professionals and family. The process of professional socialization is aimed at allowing individuals to communicate successfully. Students get the opportunity to learn diverse experiences by interacting with the agents, and this facilitates professional development. New graduate nurses have high turnover rates due to the gap in theory and practice and reality shock. Professional socializationRead MoreImportance Of Evidence Based Practice And Nursing Research1006 Words   |  5 Pages In addition, the pressure of healthcare facility for cost containment and greater consumer savvy about treatment and care options has increases the need for evidence-based practice and nursing research for better patient outcomes. For this interview project on significance of nursing research and Evidence-based practice (EBP), I interviewed three subjects from three different nursing categories. My first subject was my clinical instructor ‘MJ’ who has been a nurse for 33 years, specialized in behavioralRead MoreCultural And Religious Beliefs Of The United States1488 Words   |  6 Pagespopulation increases, so does the number of American Muslims. As a result physicians, nurses, and other health care professionals will more frequently encounter Muslim patients. Nationwide there are approximately 6 to 8 million Muslim Americans. Muslims face several barriers when communicating with other individuals. Muslims are one of the largest and most unique cultures in America, but few healthcare clinicians possess adequate knowledge and experience to interact appropriately withRead MoreThe Most Current Impact Of Health Care930 Words   |  4 Pages The most current report of healthcare spending is in the year 2015. During the year, spending increased by 5.8% to reach $3.2 trillion, or $9,990 per person. Reports blame the coverage expansion that began in 2014, a result of the Affordable Care Act. (https://www.cms.gov/research-data-and-systems/statistics-trends-and -reports/nationalhealthexpanddata/downloads/highlights.pdf. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development draws data for healthcare systems. Over 13 countries areRead MoreNursing Fatigue : What Is The Blame Game And How Can It Be Prevented?1676 Words   |  7 Pages1. Nursing Fatigue: What is the blame game and how can it be prevented? Nurses have an accountability to their patients to ensure provide the highest quality care possible; and to provide high quality care nurses need adequate resting; working long shifts, night shifts, and rotating shifts, or overtime, contributes to nurse fatigue, accidents, mistakes, and errors (Reed, 2013). Nurses have an obligation to avoid errors and to advocate for safe workplace environments that prevent patient harm.

Rosencrantz And Guildenstern, By William Shakespeare Essay

Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are Dead begins with confusion and ends in bewilderment. Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are minor characters in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. Stoppard takes Rosencrantz and Guildenstern out of the Hamlet reality and creates a new world for them, a world where they are lead characters. However, in Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s new reality, limitations and constraints arise. Many of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s adventures and actions have already been written by Shakespeare which only gives Stoppard so much to incorporate for himself. Stoppard actually does an exceptional job in giving Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s a plot for themselves, he does this through the manner of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s incomprehensibility of the world and their difficulty in making meaningful decisions. To an extent, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern did have the ability to make their own choices and to an extent, they didn†™t. In this essay I will discuss just how much Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s capability for action, existential choice and death were already written before Stoppard even picked up a pen. The majority of Rosencrantz and Guildenstern’s narrative has already been written by Shakespeare. The characters try to break free of this narrative by the way they frequently discuss fate, chance and the difference between reality and acting. Stoppard takes many themes from Hamlet and incorporates them well within his play, however, hisShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet And Tom Stoppard s Rosencrantz And Guildenstern Are Dead2522 Words   |  11 PagesA Play Interpreted In The Eyes of Two Fools William Shakespeare’s Hamlet and Tom Stoppard’s Rosencrantz and Guildenstern Are Dead, are contrasting plays with a variety of similarities. Shakespeare’s Hamlet was written between the years 1599 to 1602 and is a play about tragedy set in the Kingdom of Denmark. 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Horatios role in the play seems to be as a utilitarian character that Shakespeare created in order to heighten theRead More Hamlets Wit Essay examples939 Words   |  4 Pagesbecause Hamlet resents Claudius for marrying his mother and referring to him as his son(1.2.62-67).   Hamlet has barely spoken his first few lines of the play and Shakespeare is already showing the witty side of Hamlets personality.   This speaks for how important Hamlets wit is to the understanding of Hamlets character.   Shakespeare uses Hamlets sarcastic remarks to portray Hamlet as cunning and to foreshadow how Hamlet will most likel y deal with any problems that may arise later in the playRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Appearance Vs. Reality819 Words   |  4 Pagesneither given nor received any aid on this assignment. -MLM Appearance vs. Reality in Hamlet William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, reveals a consistent theme of appearance versus reality throughout the character’s actions. 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There are many different things that happen withinRead MoreAppearance vs. Reality in Hamlet1000 Words   |  4 Pagesin philosophy, appearance vs. reality. When we meet people and get to know them throughout our lives, we soon discover that there is a genuine side to everyone behind the appearance they show. In the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare, the characters Polonius, Rosencrantz, Guildenstern, and Claudius use appearance vs. reality to manipulate and deceive, which ultimately leads to their downfall. Polonius is a prime example of one who deceives, which ends in their downfall. In Act 2 Scene 2, Polonius

Causes Of World War 1 Free Essays

There are four main causes of World war one. They are Nationalism, Imperialism, and Militarism and alliance system. But the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand pushed the countries into war. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes Of World War 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The war is a like explosives and the assassination was the spark that triggered it. Ferdinand’s assassination by the Black Hand a Serbian nationalist secret society set Austria-Hungary against Serbia. This started a line of events that would bring each country into the war one at a time. These line of events was caused by the alliance system. Each country was brought in to the war because of an allegiance to the other. Because if the assassination Austria-Hungary attacked Serbia but Russia was allied to Serbia so Russia attacked Austria Hungary but Germany was allied with Austria-Hungary so Germany attacked Russia but France and Russia are allied so France attacked Germany and Britain had a treaty with Belgium and the German war plan involved going through Belgium so Britain sided with France and Russia. More of the world was brought in because Britain and France had a huge empire of even more countries bringing them into the war as well. Imperialism is when a country increases their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control. Before World War 1, Africa and parts of Asia were constantly contested for amongst the European countries. This was because of the raw materials and wealth these areas could provide. The increasing competition and desire for greater empires led to an increase in confrontation that helped push the world into World War I. As the world entered the 20th century, an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period. Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military began to have a greater in?uence on public policy. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war. The war was because the Serbian people in Bosnia and Herzegovina no longer wanted to be part of Austria Hungary but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power. I think the biggest cause is the alliance system because that is why it became a world war and not just a war bet ween Austria Hungary and Serbia. Without an alliance system the war would have been a quick one as well because Serbia on its own doesn’t have much of army. How to cite Causes Of World War 1, Essays Causes of World War 1 Free Essays The Causes of World War I World War I is essentially much more complicated and complex than a simple list of causes. While there was a series of events that directly led to the fighting, the actual origin causes are much deeper and a part of continual debate and discussion. Ultimately, countries all over Europe made joint defense agreements that would pull them into battle. We will write a custom essay sample on Causes of World War 1 or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, if one country was attacked, allied countries were bound to defend them. Before World War 1, the following alliances existed: * Russia and Serbia. * Germany and Austria-Hungary. France and Russia. * Britain and France and Belgium. * Japan and Britain. Austria-Hungary declared war on Serbia, in which Russia got involved in to defend Serbia. Germany, seeing Russia rallying, declared war on Russia. France was then drawn in against Germany and Austria-Hungary. Germany attacked France through Belgium, pulling Britain into war. Then Japan entered the war. Afterwards, Italy and the United States would enter on the side of the allies. Imperialism is when a country boosts their power and wealth by bringing additional territories under their control. Before World War I, Africa and parts of Asia were points of controversy amongst the European countries. This was particularly true because of the raw resources these areas could provide. The growing competition and want for greater empires led to an increase in disagreement that helped press on the world into World War I. As the world got into the 20th century, an arms race had begun. By 1914, Germany had the greatest increase in military buildup. Great Britain and Germany both greatly increased their navies in this time period. Further, in Germany and Russia particularly, the military establishment began to have a greater influence on public policy. This increase in militarism helped push the countries involved to war. Much of the origin of the war was based on the desire of the Slavic peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina to no longer be part of Austria-Hungary, but instead be part of Serbia. In this way, nationalism led directly to the War. But in a more general way, the nationalism of the various countries throughout Europe contributed not only to the beginning but the extension of the war in Europe. Each country tried to prove their dominance and power. The instantaneous cause of World War I that made all the aforementioned items come into play (alliances, imperialism, militarism, nationalism) was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria-Hungary. In June 1914, a Serbian nationalist assassinated him and his wife while they were in Sarajevo, Bosnia which was part of Austria-Hungary. This was in objection to Austria-Hungary having control of this region. Serbia wanted to take over Bosnia and Herzegovina. This assassination led to Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia. When Russia began to gather together due to its alliance with Serbia, Germany declared war on Russia. Thus began the expansion of the war to include all those involved in the mutual defense alliances. Works Cited: * Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2005. Print. * Duffy, Michael. â€Å"Firstworldwar. com. †Ã‚  First World War. com. 22 Aug. 2009. Web. 22 May 2012. http://www. firstworldwar. com/origins/causes. htm. * â€Å"World War One – Causes. †Ã‚  Causes of World War One. Historyonthenet. Web. 22 May 2012. http://www. historyonthenet. com/WW1/causes. htm. * â€Å"What Really Caused World War 1? †Ã‚  WW1. Web. 22 May 2012. http://www. threeworldwars. com/world-war-1/ww1. htm. How to cite Causes of World War 1, Essay examples

The opening scene of Romeo and Juliet creates a mounting sense of tension and violence Essay Example For Students

The opening scene of Romeo and Juliet creates a mounting sense of tension and violence Essay Romeo and Juliet, written by the world renowned William Shakespeare, is the classical and timeless tragic tale of two hapless adolescents who fall for each other, regardless of the mutiny between their two families. It is one of the most famous love stories ever written. The plot is quite simple; there are two aristocratic families, the Montagues and Capulets, each with an unrivalled hatred for the other. Romeo is a Montague Juliet, a Capulet. In this love story, they fall in love, disregarding the families long-standing grudge, but in doing so aggravate these hostilities more, with the final result being that Romeo and Juliet both die in terrible circumstances, not fulfilling the life they could have had. Baz Luhrmanns on-screen adaptation of this story tries to fit this 16th century drama into modern-day life, but doing it in a way that it keeps the essential essence of Shakespeare in the film. In this essay I intend to describe the effects of Shakespeares original text in creatin g a sense of mounting tension and violence to Baz Luhrmanns cinematic interpretation of the play. We will write a custom essay on The opening scene of Romeo and Juliet creates a mounting sense of tension and violence specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now First of all, before I comment on the tension and violence, I must explain Shakespeares intentions with this first scene. In the prologue, a Chorus explains to the audience what will happen in the play. A pair of star-crossd lovers take their life This lets the audience know that Romeo and Juliet will die. Therefore when the first scene opens, the ultimate ending of the play is known so that the plot of the play is instead about how the two star crossd lovers reach their untimely end. The author wanted to give the background information, wanted to lay the foundations for the story, in this first scene. With the fight between servants of the houses Montague and Capulet, Shakespeare explains to the audience, the reader, that there is a hate and an all-mighty grudge between the two families which is a very integral part of the story, as well as creating a great tension that does not leave the play thereafter. Afterwards, the strong reprimand of Prince Escalus to the noble families builds on the tension; If ever you disturb our streets again, Your lives shall pay the forfeit of the peace. It is a warning to them that if they step out of line again the perpetrators will lose their lives. This adds to the already present tension in a very sinister way as the audience and reader will foresee that the chances of the Montagues and Capulets being able to keep the peace is extremely unlikely, and therefore they believe a death is imminent. Finally, the first scene introduces us to Romeo, the main character, and his troubles. The reader learns Romeo is actually in love with a girl, but that it is unrequited love. Shakespeare explains that to him, Romeo, the matters of his family (the Montagues) do not concern him, that he believes the extreme dislike held by the two households for each other is foolish, pointless and that he is against it. When Romeo hears of the fray earlier in the day he asks of it, then says: Yet tell me not, for I have heard it all. This line sums up the contempt Romeo has for the feud, his exasperation with it as he is heard it all before. The events in the opening scene set up what is to come and are incredibly important to the tale. In Shakespeares original on-stage portrayal of the story the techniques used for the creation of tension in the first scene would have been limited compared to what Baz Luhrmann had available to him when making the film version. For Shakespeare to create the tension and the sense of looming violence, his main resource would have been the language that was used with maybe, to some extent, the use of music also. Whereas this differs immensely to the film version as Luhrmann uses not so much the language, as the advantages of music, lighting and exceptionally quick camera cuts to his advantage in creating the unease that is intended. .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc , .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .postImageUrl , .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc , .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc:hover , .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc:visited , .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc:active { border:0!important; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc:active , .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ude3abea36d1733f3f201fced5f92c6bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Dickens' description EssayTo start with the language, it was Shakespeares main tool for achieving the desired effects of his play. In Shakespearean times the language used in Romeo and Juliet was very strong and was also the very soul of the play. Surprisingly enough, parts of the speech written by Shakespeare was comical, and laden at times with sexual innuendo. As the first scene opens in the play, two Capulet servants are in a public place. They are discussing how they wont stand for being insulted, how if insulted they would stand and fight. Their lines are quite humorous with Gregory calling Sampson a coward, and Sampson then speaking about sex and about being sexuall y active with: and tis known I am a pretty piece of flesh. All this would have had the audiences rolling around with laughter. But at the same time they were speaking of their great dislike for all Montagues and therefore, on the two Montagues entering (Abram and Balthasar), the atmosphere changes as the reader can sense the animosity between the two parties. The author then establishes the tension more by having the Capulets insulting the Montagues (by biting their thumbs at them which, at the time, was a great insult), and the Montagues being aggressive back: Do you bite your thumb at us, sir? All the while the tension is mounting, with the language heated and on the verge of being insulting, and then the looming, expected violence finally breaks out as a fight starts. When Tybalt joins the fray he is intent on fighting and his language is that of a brutal, remorseless man: Drawn, and talk of peace? I hate the word, As I hate hell, all Montagues and thee With the fighting being then stopped by civilians the role or tension-creator switches to Prince Escalus when he angrily calls for the fighting to stop (as he is the law-enforcer), and threatens the families with their lives if they disturb the peace. His words are firm, hard and angry leaving a sense that the Prince means what he is saying. But with all this, the most striking aspect of Shakespeares language is that as he uses it to great success in concocting tension, it keeps its poetic-ness throughout, gripping the audience or reader. As for Luhrmann in the film he does not change lines from the play, although he might leave some out, yet the speech and language isnt used, as it was by Shakespeare, to really create a tension and that sense of menace and threat. Instead the director of the film uses the advantages of cinema to get those intentions across. For example Luhrmann opens with a rowdy crowd of Montagues in a car, raucous and bold, screeching into a garage. Without virtually any words, the director has given the impression that these boys could be troublesome and menacing. There are quick camera cuts, to and fro, adding excitement, and then on showing the Capulet boys, a real tension is made. The language is unnecessary in this case. The great advantage Luhrmann had was the music he could insert at any stage. In the section of scene 1 that was the fight, music contributes enormously to what the directors intentions are. From spaghetti western style, to dramatic orchestral sounds, added to obvious high-temp o stirring beats, all fitted in at the right time, Luhrmann can replace Shakespeares need for language with what is, in my view, a far more effective and successful inclusion of music. Another contrast between the play and film is the setting. Shakespeares classic is set in Verona, Italy but Luhrmanns modern day adaptations setting was, cleverly enough, in Verona Beach, California. The intention was clearly to keep close relation to the original. .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 , .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .postImageUrl , .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 , .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907:hover , .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907:visited , .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907:active { border:0!important; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907:active , .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907 .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua51ac02fd1ee50b6adeaabdbba0af907:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: A Dolls House, by Henrik Ibsen EssayThere are other differentiations between both versions, with plenty of modern items replacing things from Shakespeares era. For example, swords were replaced by guns, obviously enough but also the part of the chorus being played by a newsreader on television, was a masterful stroke in keeping a Shakespearean device, yet finding a way to fit it in, in an up to date way. To conclude, Romeo and Juliet on-screen differs enormously from Shakespeares original version but I believe that Baz Luhrmann has achieved the difficult task that was adapting the play for film. He keeps the Shakespearean idea of the story, in keeping of the chorus and most importantly the language, but succeeds in reinventing it for a different audience. In my own personal opinion I enjoyed Luhrmanns interpretation more, simply because he has a wide variety of tools to make the film exciting, which he uses to great effect, even though Shakespeares timeless masterpiece is inarguably brilliant, and definitely enjoyed by countless people.

Renassiance art essays

Renassiance art essays During the Renaissance, artist were no longer regarded as mere artisans, as they has been in the medieval past, but for the first time emerged as independent personalities, comparable poets and writers. They began to express their ideas even though the art still remained religious in nature but add their own individual style and emotions. However art also went through many drastic changes and was influenced by many great arts like Giotto, Leonardo Da Vinci, and Masaccio. Giotto was one of many artists who expressed his ideas in Italian art. He used three-dimensional images, which was a drastic change from classical art where depth was not used. At he was one of the first artist who painted something from his opinion. However, Giotto expressed his opinion and thoughts so greatly that he inspired even the great Michaelango. This great artist was ahead of his time and was able to paint ideas that were very popular in the time. Giotto expressed the ideas by giving depth to his to the artwork and the illusion of movement. Even thought, not much of his work is left it is obvious that he expressed the Renaissance ideas in his art work in many ways and contributed in helping express the ideas of the times. Another great artist who expressed his ideas in artwork was Leonardo Da Vinci (1452-1519). Leonardo Da Vinci is considered the Renaissance Man since he was skilled in many different things such as being a painter, writer, engineer, scientist and other things. However, Leonardo Da Vinci is know mostly for his great art work such as the paintings of Mona Lisa and Moses which show pure beauty. Leonardo expressed new ideas in his artwork by using new techniques and exploring new ways to looking at certain things. Leonardo was a great artist who influenced the artwork of future artists. He was a great artist that showed people that new things were possible and they should not be scared to try new things. Leonardo Da Vinci w...

Colorado School of Mines GPA, SAT ACT Requirements

Colorado School of Mines GPA, SAT ACT Requirements Admission to Colorado School of Mines is selective, and in 2015, only 38% of all applicants were admitted. To get in, youre going to need grades and standardized test scores that are well above average. In the scattergram above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had high school averages of 3.5 or higher, SAT scores (RWM) of about 1200 or higher, and ACT composite scores of 24 or higher. The higher those numbers, the better your chances of receiving an acceptance letter. The average ACT composite for accepted students is 30. Note that there are many red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) hidden behind the green and blue throughout the graph. Many students with grades and test scores that were on target for Colorado School of Mines did not get in. Note also that a few students were accepted with test scores and grades a little bit below the norm. This is because Mines uses has holistic admissions admission decisions are based on more than numerical data. The Mines application asks for information about your extracurricular activities and awards, and you also have the opportunity to provide a personal statement. The college also pays close attention to the rigor of your high school courses, especially in math. How Do You Measure Up? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In with this free tool from Cappex. To learn more about Colorado School of Mines, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: Colorado School of Mines Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? If You Like Colorado School of Mines, You May Also Like These Schools   Stanford University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCornell University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCal Poly:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCarnegie Mellon University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphPurdue University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHarvey Mudd College:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Effects of French Revolution WWI and WWII to the Social Fabric Essay

Effects of French Revolution WWI and WWII to the Social Fabric - Essay Example Germany was fined a carousal amount of money which forced it to borrow from USA. It also led to increased hostilities between the nations and races. Moreover, the war was a huge economic burden to the nations involved and the world in general. Failure of the world nations to learn from the WWI lead to the emergency of the WWII in 1945. The WWII was later followed by the Cold War that led to collapse of Soviet Union and USA emerging as the sole super power. (Mugambi, 2005, p15) Effects to the social fabric of the Western community. The French revolution led to the transfer of power from tyrannical monarchs to republicanism and democracies of the 21st centuries. The uprising characterized by modern society against any oppressive government is much as a result of French Revolution political ideological influence. Secondly, separation of church and state as two entities and subsequent emergency of secular states in western societies is traced back to French revolution. Thirdly, French revolution is the genesis of popularization of Civil Rights, equality, toleration, individual liberty and freedom which later had liberal influence in USA and Britain. French revolution is more or less linked with the origins of political factions for instance left wing, centre and right wing and conservatives versus liberal/ democrats the political characteristic of the western societies. Moreover, French revolution and culmination of events that followed will always be remembered as the origin of the monumental French constitution that define human rights that stand to be the point of reference in almost every country bill of rights as defined by United Nation (UN) and separation of powers that is still being the essence of western societies political arrangement. Above... The French revolution led to the transfer of power from tyrannical monarchs to republicanism and democracies of the 21st centuries. The uprising characterized by modern society against any oppressive government is much as a result of French Revolution political ideological influence. Secondly, separation of church and state as two entities and subsequent the emergency of secular states in western societies is traced back to the French revolution. Thirdly, French revolution is the genesis of popularization of Civil Rights, equality, toleration, individual liberty and freedom which later had liberal influence in USA and Britain. The French revolution is more or less linked with the origins of political factions for instance left wing, center and right wing and conservatives versus liberal/ democrats the political characteristic of the western societies. Moreover, French revolution and culmination of events that followed will always be remembered as the origin of the monumental French constitution that define human rights that stand to be the point of reference in almost every country bill of rights as defined by United Nation (UN) and separation of powers that is still being the essence of western societies political arrangement. Above all, French revolution promoted the idea of change and progress as good things. This has become a very distinctive mark of the modern western world.

Critical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 3

Critical Analysis - Essay Example Greek Resistance Movement succeeded in making the Germans withdraw in 1944, the Greek Civil War broke out in 1946 between the communist-led rebels and the Greek government. A prolonged period of fighting followed at the end of which the rebels were completely defeated by October 1949 (The World Book Encyclopedia). Mark Mazower is a renowned British historian, reputedly one of the leading global specialists in Greek history (Wikipedia). His book â€Å"After the War was Over† contains 14 essays that show how the Civil War affected the family, the law, and the State of Greece, providing fresh insight into missing records, and delving into events that were hitherto unknown to the world (Finney). The first revelation concerns the subject of justice, a theme in 5 essays of the volume (Finney). Mark Mazower’s essay â€Å"Three Forms of Political Justice: Greece, 1944-1945† (Chapter 1 of the volume) deals with the unpredictable understanding of concepts of justice in Greece; he writes about how frequent attempts (‘how Greece recovered from the most prolonged and traumatic experience of its brief life as a nation-state’ {p.21}) to restore justice and take legal action against collaborators were ruined by the re-emergence of the anticommunist right wing faction. Eleni Haidia’s essay â€Å"The Punishment of Collaborators in Northern Greece, 1945-1946† (Chapter 2) reviews trials of collaborators in Thessaloniki, revealing how the initial intention to mete out strong punishment eventually broke down and vanished after encountering malignancies such as improper administration practices, corruption, and lack of funding. Procopis Papastratis’ essay â€Å"Purging the University after Liberation† (Chapter 3) explores the efforts to cleanse Athens University of Germans and the pre-war Metaxas regime collaborators, telling how the University used academic and political tactics to successfully repulse the threat of cleansing it. Susanne-Sophia Spiliotis’ essay â€Å"An Affair

Industrialized Building Systems in Malaysia

Industrialized Building Systems in Malaysia Industrialised Building System does not have a commonly-approved definition. There are a few definitions by authors who studied into this area previously were found through literature emphasizing on prefabrication, off-site production and mass production of building components (Rahman Omar, 2006) (Warszawski, 1999) (Trikha,1999). This method will enable cost saving and quality improvement through the reduction of labour intensity and construction standardisation. Apart from this, it offers minimal wastage, less site materials, cleaner and neater environment, controlled quality, and lower total construction costs. In other countries, IBS is known as off-site construction, offsite manufacturing and pre-fabrication. The used components are pre-fabricated. Successful IBS implementations in the world are Sekisui Home (Japan), Living Solution (United Kingdom), Open House (Sweden) and Wenswonen (Netherlands) (Oostra Joonson, 2007). In Malaysia, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) has classified the IBS system into 5 categories as follows (IBS Roadmap, 2003): Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems Steel Formwork Systems Prefabricated Timber Framing Systems Steel Framing Systems Blockwork Systems IBS has been introduced in Malaysia since early 1960s by the use of pre-cast concrete beam-column element and panelised system (Thanoon, 2003). The projects in Jalan Pekeliling, Kuala Lumpur and Rifle Range, Penang used Danish System and French Estoit System respectively. However, due to the leaking issue and high cost in producing panel components the technologies did not take off as planned. IBS Roadmap 2003-2010 was developed and published to steer the direction of IBS implementation and promotion activities and guide the practitioners and policy makers on IBS related issues (IBS Roadmap, 2003). The importance of IBS was highlighted under the Strategic Thrust 5 of the Construction Industry Master Plan 2006-2015 (CIMP 2006-2015) which has been published as means to chart the future direction of the Malaysian construction industry in 2006 (CIMP, 2006). Problem Statement IBS Survey 2003 stated only 15% of construction projects used IBS in Malaysia (IBS Survey, 2003). IBS Mid Term Review in 2007 indicated that approximately only 10% of the complete projects used IBS in the year 2006 as compared to forecasting IBS usage of 50 % in 2006 and 70% in year 2008 as projected in the roadmap (Hamid et al 2008). The availability of cheap foreign labour which offset the cost benefit of using IBS is a main cause of the slow adoption (Kamar et al 2010). According to Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia, at June 2007, 69% (552,000) out of total 800,000 of registered workers is foreign workers (CIDB, 2007). It is a huge number which distress the stability and growth of domestic economy and created social problems. Besides, small contractors are already familiar with the conventional system and for them the technology suit well with small scale projects and therefore not willing to switch to mechanised based system. Furthermore, small contractors lack financial backup and are not able to set up their own manufacturing plants as it involves very intensive capital investment (Rahman Omar, 2006). It was highlighted by many that the idealism, processes and management and skill sets behind IBS is differs from the traditional method. Lack of knowledge in IBS construction technology is equally important. There are cases, where building projects are awarded and constructed using IBS system but were contribute to the project delays and bad qualities. This has leaves the industry with a noticeable difficulties when using IBS. As a result, the industry is reluctant to embrace in IBS unless it is required by the clients. A wider understanding on the characteristics and what is involved in IBS is needed. By using the old processes is now critical if the industry is to move forward. The industry requires change management to encourage new mindset. A STUDY INTO FACTOR OF SLOW ADOPTION OF INDUSTRIALIZED BUILDING SYSTEM (IBS) IN MALAYSIA Aims Objectives The aim of this study is to identify the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. The following will be the objective: To identify/determine cost issue is the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. To identify/determine low standardization of IBS component is the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia To identify/determine lack of knowledge of IBS is the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. To identify/determine negative perception to IBS is the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. Hypothesis Cost issue is the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. Low standardization of IBS component is the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. Lack of knowledge of IBS is the factor of slow adoption of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia. Scope of Study Research Methodology Literature Review In the beginning, literature review was conducted to determine an overall idea of Industrialized Building System. The data and information will be collected from books, journals, dissertations, and information from internet. These materials will be used as background study to understand about the topic. By having all the information, it wills shows the critical path and leads to the research purpose. Questionnaire Survey The questionnaire survey method is used for data collection. The questionnaire will be distributed to the construction players such as developer, consultant and contractor. The respondents will be asked about their knowledge on Industrialized Building System (IBS), the preference of promotion and marketing of Industrialized Building System (IBS) in Malaysia in the future and why they are choosing or not choosing to use Industrialized Building System (IBS). Interview Interview was conducted to understand the market needs and to understand more about IBS. The target of interview will be CIDB officer, developer, consultant and contractor. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Industrialized Building Systems in Malaysia Malaysia construction industry is now being developed from conventional construction methods towards more effective construction method. Through the Ninth Malaysias Plan, the Malaysias government is encouraging the usage of Industrialized Building System (IBS) as an alternative to the conventional construction method. IBS is a construction method consisting of assembling separate structural components on the site. In IBS, the suitable size of IBS components such as beams and columns are very critical. Besides that, the type of connection between the structural element play the key role to make sure the building is functional, economic and safe. The structural member and connection used should be able to transfer any load applied without having severe damage. The Malaysias government through the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) has a strategic plan to improve the effectiveness and productivity of the construction in Malaysia. It can be achieve by introducing the IBS into the Construction Industry. During the early use of IBS in Malaysia, there is several problem occur. The IBS usage in the building construction is much lower than the infrastructure. The system is more expensive. Besides, leaking is a major problem and it has less aesthetic appearance. In 1960s, there is no comprehensive plan that can be used as guidance to the construction industry. So, the industry is depending to the existing conventional technology that needs high quantity of labour. In order to make Malaysia as a develop industry country in the year 2020, Roadmap IBS is conducted by CIDB with collaboration of the Public Work Department of Malaysia. The roadmap has been released in 29 October 2003. The Roadmap IBS is made as guidance and reference to all activities that help the industrialization of the Malaysias construction sector. 2.1.1 Types of Industrialized Building System in Malaysia According to CIDB Malaysia (2001), the IBS is a construction process that utilizes techniques, products, components, or building systems which involve prefabricated components and on-site installation. Base on the structural aspects of the system, IBS can be identified into five major groups: Precast Concrete Framing, Panel and Box Systems Precast concrete elements are the most common IBS type. There are precast concrete columns, beams, slabs, walls, lightweight precast concrete, and permanent concrete formworks. Besides, it is also consist of 3D components such as balconies, staircases, toilets, lift chamber, refuse chamber and etc (CIDD Malaysia, 2001). Steel Formwork Systems They generally involve site casting, and therefore subjected to structural quality control. So, it is considered as the low level or the least prefabrication IBS types. However, this system does offer high quality finishes and fast construction with less site labour and material requirement. These include tunnel forms, tilt-up systems, beam and column moulding forms and permanent steel formwork like metal decks (CIDD Malaysia, 2001). Prefabricated Timber Framing Systems The products of prefabricated timber framing system are timber building frame and timber roof truss. Among these two timber roof truss is more popular. Timber building frame also have its own niche market where it is offering interesting designs from simple dwelling units to buildings requiring high aesthetical values such as chalets for resorts (CIDD Malaysia, 2001). Steel Framing Systems This system commonly used with precast concrete slabs, steel columns and beams. This systems have always been the popular choice and used extensively in the fast-track construction of skyscrapers. Recent development in this type of IBS includes the increased usage of light steel trusses. It is consisting of cost-effective profiled cold-formed channels and steel portal frame systems as alternatives to the heavier traditional hot-rolled sections (CIDD Malaysia, 2001). Blockwork Systems By using this effective alternative system, the tedious and time consuming traditional brick laying tasks are greatly simplified. The construction method of using conventional bricks has been revolutionized by the development and usage of interlocking concrete masonry units (CMU) and lightweight concrete blocks (CIDD Malaysia, 2001). 2.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Industrialized Building System By using IBS, the manufacturer can provide quality controlled end products through the controlled prefabrication process. The IBS required simple on-site installation. Besides, it can provide faster completion of construction. This is because IBS using the standardized prefabricated components. Another advantage of IBS is it will create a neater, cleaner and safer construction site. There will be reduction on the construction debris, site workers and materials involved on the construction site when using prefabricated components. For a long term period, IBS will be a cost saving construction method. The formwork that are made by steel and aluminium allow for repetitive use and this leads to considerable cost saving. Besides, IBS also have the flexibility of design. It can provide some additional aesthetic value to the project design and at the same time provide higher quality and better finishes. IBS also have its disadvantages. The initial cost of IBS is usually high. The initial cost is for supporting machinery and factory. The prefabrication system relies greatly on sophisticated machineries, which have to be well controlled and maintained by skilled operators. Problem of joints is one of the major problems in building constructed using IBS which leads to water leakage. Producing IBS components require a large working area for setting up factory, machineries and storage to store the component. IBS may also cause delay because of supply delay and shortage of raw materials. Delay may also happen due to lack of expertise. 2.2 Cost issues 2.2.1 Incentives for Industrialized Building System (IBS) are not sufficient Giving out incentive is one of the ways to attract more IBS user. The government through CIDB has introduced exemption of the construction levy (levy 0.125 % of total cost of the project according to Article 520) as an incentive on contractors that used IBS at least 50% IBS components in construction of new residential project since 1st January 2007 (CIDB, 2010). Even though, there is only a slight increase in the number of IBS user. This can say that the incentives for IBS are not sufficient. IBS adoption requires more pull and push factors from the government. Changing from conventional method to IBS was not possible due to the small profit margin unless more attractive incentive systems and benefits which can attract the conventional user to IBS (Kamar et al 2010). 2.2.2 The availability of cheap foreign labour The availability of cheap foreign labour which offset the cost benefit of using IBS is a main cause of the slow adoption. As long as the industry can easily to obtain foreign workers, the labour rates will remain low and contractor will find it is unattractive to change from conventional method to IBS (Kamar et al 2010). ÂÂ  With high demand for construction activities in previous years, the industry has attracted a huge number of foreign workers into this country to take up employment on site as unskilled labour doing manual jobs. According to Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia, at June 2007, 69% (552,000) out of total 800,000 of registered workers is foreign workers. It is a huge number which distress the stability and growth of domestic economy and created social problems. The locals are reluctant to join the industry due to the low salary scheme being offered to foreign workers and wrong image projected by the industry. Therefore, government put in place measures to encourage industries to move-up the value chain and, where possible, to automate and mechanise their operations and in areas where automation and mechanisation was not possible, efforts were being made to replace foreign workers with skilled workforce (Kamar, 2010). 2.2.3 High Initial Investment Capital Many small contractors are reluctant to adopt IBS system and prefer to continue using the conventional method of construction. This is due to the fact that small contractors lack of financial backup and are not able to set up their own manufacturing plants as it requires huge investment capital. In this case, financial issues become the main obstacle for small contractors to move forward with the IBS system (Rahman Omar, 2006). In the perspective of components manufacturer, IBS construction requires high initial investment capital for them to purchase new machinery, mould, importing foreign technology and wages of skilled operator for installation process (Thanoon et al. 2003). 2.3 Low Standardisation of components Low standardisation of components also hinders successful use of IBS. The tailor-made components which do not fit into another project will increase initial costs due to the cost of the mould and design. Lack of standardisation was due to a lack of a certification and accreditation scheme on IBS and the poor response to Modular Coordination (MC) promotion under MS 1064. Modular Coordination (MC) is defined as a coordinated unified system for dimensioning space, components, fitting, etc. so that all elements fit together without cutting or extending even when the components and fittings are manufactured by different suppliers (Trikha, 1999). The dimensional control of building is very important because it is necessary to place the building parts so they can fit and function properly. In the conventional construction practice, the control of dimension is relatively simple. However, due to the industrialization of construction scenario, the structural component is prefabricated. The dimensional coordination of these components is importance. The full benefit of industrialization is impossible without standardization. No effective standardization is possible in the building industry without dimensional coordination (Warszawski, 1999). Modular coordination system will be pursued aggressively in next millennium in order to make housing delivery be more efficient since components can be systematically factory-built and installed on-site. This will help to reduce the industrys dependence on foreign labour. All buildings are to be designed according to modular coordination principles as laid down in Malaysian Construction Standard 1 and 2 (Ministry of Housing and Local Government Malaysia, 1999). MC is an industrial friendly construction method. Its able to cater for manufacturing, transportation and assemble requirements. MC has high quality finished products and minimal wastage. It also has faster completion due to replacement from conventional systems to prefabricated components. Its application can produce neater, cleaner and safer sites due to reduction of construction debris, site workers and materials. This construction method just required less use of heavy equipment during the construction. The heavy equipment is needed for the assembly purpose only. The implementation of MC may improve the productivity of construction industry through industrialization. MC can facilitate guidance to building component sizing. This can reduce as much as possible the need to further trim and shape of the materials to fit together in construction in economics of scale. Thus, it can reduce the wastage of labour and materials. Besides, the mass production of building components at factories can ensure a good quality and consistent workmanship. It does also can simplify the site operation by rationalizing, setting out, positioning and assembling of building components at the site. Through standardization, an increasing number of building components may be prefabricated. MC can facilitate the achievement of greater production in the building industry by its ability to discipline the dimensional and coordination of building and its components. Its allowed for a more flexible open industrial system to take place. Standardization not only leads to flexibility in the manufacturing and assembly process but also promises saving in time, energy, material and cost to the designers and the builders. 2.4 Lack of knowledge and to IBS technology Lack of knowledge in structural analysis and design of pre-fabricated components among civil engineers and those related to construction discourages further implementation of IBS system. Knowledge in construction technology is equally important. There are cases where building projects are awarded and constructed using IBS system but were carried out with many difficulties. The most common problems encountered are improper assembly of the components that normally involved the beam-to-beam and column-to-base connections. These problems arise due to the fact that the parties involved in the construction underestimate the important of accuracy in setting out the alignment and levelling of the bases. Basically, accurate levelling and alignment of the bases are the two most important aspects for the successful rapid erection of precast concrete components. Other related technical issues are lack of knowledge capability in designing the details of ties and connections of the pre-fabricated components particularly in precast concrete construction. Poor connection system may cause problem to site work such that the connections cannot be joined properly due to poor construction details (Goodier Gibb, 2004). There are many cases where buildings were designed to imitate the conventional reinforced concrete structural system. This concept results in exposed steel beams and columns. Eventually this invites many serviceability problems such as leakage. Rain water can easily seep into the internal building through the joint between the wall and steel beam. Dampness leads to corrosion to the lighting system and the steel beam. Specialized and additional engineering knowledge will be required to design, manufacture and construct a good IBS system. All parties involved from designers to erectors must have enough knowledge about the pre-fabricated component based construction. In terms of design, the engineer must have competent knowledge in analysis and design. In the construction field, the contractors and site engineers must have enough knowledge on the safe and accurate methods of erecting and assembling loose components into a global structure. Therefore, a broader and comprehensive training program must be taken on board to cater vast demand in these specialised skills (Clarke, 2002) References CIDB, CIDB News, Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Publication, first quarters 2010, 2010 Kamar, K. A. M., Mohd Idrus Din, Noraini Bahri, Mohd Azmi Dzulkifly, Mohd Rizal Norman, and Zuhairi Abd Hamid. The adoption of Industrialised Building System (IBS) construction in Malaysia: The history, policies, experiences and lesson learned, 2010 Kamar, K. A. M (2010) A Project Management Guideline for the Implementation of IBS, IEM Professional Engineer Report CIDB Malaysia, Manual for Assessment of Industrialised Building Systems, CIDB, Kuala Lumpur, 2001. Clarke, L. (2002) Standardisation and Skills; A translational study of skill, education and training for pre-fabrication in housing, University of Westminster Business School, London Goodier, C. Gibb, A. (2004) Barriers and Opportunities for Offsite Production, PROSPA, Loughborough University, Loughborough Trikha (1999). Industrialised Building System: Prospect in Malaysia. Proceeding of World Engineering Congress, Kuala Lumpur. Warszawski (1999). Industrialised and Automated Building System. Israel: Techinion-Israel Institute of Technology Construction Industry Master Plan 2006-2015 (CIMP 2006-2015) (2006), Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB) Malaysia, December 2006, Kuala Lumpur Hamid, Z. A., Kamar, K. A. M., Zain, M. Z. M., Ghani, M. K. and Rahim, A. H. A. (2008) Industrialised Building System (IBS) in Malaysia: The Current State and RD Initiatives Malaysian Construction Research Journal (MCRJ), 2 (1), 1-11. IBS Roadmap (2003-2010) (2003) Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB), Kuala Lumpur IBS Survey 2003 (2003), Construction Industry Development Board Malaysia (CIDB), Kuala Lumpur Oostra, M., Joonson, C., C. (2007) Best practices: Lesson Learned on Building Concept (edited by) Kazi, A. S., Hannus, M., Boudjabeur, S., Malone, A. (2007), Open Building Manufacturing Core Concept and Industrial Requirement, Manubuild Consortium and VTT Finland Publication, Finland Rahman, A. B. A, Omar, W. (2006) Issues and Challenges in the Implementation of IBS in Malaysia. Proceeding of the 6th Asia-Pacific Structural Engineering and Construction Conference (ASPEC 2006) 5-6 September 2006 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Thanoon, W. A. M., Peng, L. W., Abdul Kadir, M. R., Jaafar, M.S. and Salit, M.S. (2003), The Experiences of Malaysia and Other Countries in Industrialised Building System in Malaysia, Proceeding on IBS Seminar, UPM, Malaysia

Ethnic Identity and African Americans Essay

Ethnic identity is the sum total of group member feelings about those values, symbols, and common histories that identify them as a distinct group (Smith 1991). Development of ethnic identity is important because it helps one to come to terms with their ethnic membership as a prominent reference group and significant part of an individuals overall identity. Ethnic reference group refers to an individuals psychological relatedness to groups (Smith 1991). These reference groups help adolescents sense, reflect and see things from the point of their ethnic groups in which they actively participate or seek to participate. What is ethnic identity? The establishment of identity is an important, complex task for all adolescents, and is considered a major developmental task for all adolescents. It is particularly complicated for adolescents belonging to ethnic and minority groups. Ethnic identity of the majority group of individuals is constantly validated and reinforced in a positive manner where as the minority group is constantly ridiculed and punished in a negative manner. What does this say for those adolescents who are the minority and not the majority? It is important to study or research ethnic identity because it provides better knowledge to help one understand striving for a sense of unity and connectivenesss in which the self provides meaning for direction and meaning of ethnic identity (Spencer, 1990). It is also important to study or research the differences between these groups due to beliefs and values. Adolescents that are the minority are confronted with their ethnicity at an earlier age then Caucasian adolescents majority and they are constantly aware of ethnic differences, which means it is of greater importance to understand the development of the minority individual. It should lead to different assessments when it comes to ethnic identity. For example, African American adolescents are psychologically compared to Caucasian American adolescence diagnoses, which are sometimes inaccurately assessed. Bronfenberner explains the theoretical perspective such as the ecological perspective by saying, The implications for clinical treatment of African American adolescents, mental health workers must be sensitive to the ecological context of their clients. Mental Health workers must realize that there is no single entity called the black family . The black families compared to the other families established their American family. He suggests that these families vary dramatically in backgrounds, social economic status, values, and degree of acculturation to the norms and values of mainstream America (1990). There are also, significant differences that may exist in preparation of African American adolescent, at the level of rearing family practices and in schools (1990). That is, schools continue to reflect historical values that deal with racial-stereotypes and prejudice and beliefs. At the same time there are families trying to avoid and make light out of such situations. These families and communities continue to show constancy by instilling their own beliefs and values through child rearing which maybe different from Caucasian Americas. Identity and ethnicity as adolescent issues Identity has been defined in many ways. It is the concept used to describe an individual’s sense of who he or she is (Dashefsky and Shapiro, 1976). Changes in identity occur throughout the life cycle, however, the changes in identity are usually most notable during adolescence. Integrating a positive sense of ethnic identity into one’s overall personal identity is an important task of late adolescence (Steinberg, 1996). Ethnic identity has been defined as the aspect of one’s sense of identity concerning ancestry or racial group membership (Steinberg, 1996). Ethnic identity development is an essential human need because it provides a sense of belonging and historical continuity. Ethnic socialization Minority children are confronted with their ethnicity at an earlier age than their majority counterparts (Smith, 1991). Parents can help to speed up the early stages of ethnic identity development by taking an active approach to ethnic socialization. Ethnic socialization, according to Steinberg(1996), refers to the process through which parents teach their children about their ethnicity and about the certain experiences they may have with the broader society. Ethnic socialization consists of three themes: 1) understanding one’s own culture, 2) getting along in mainstream society, and 3) dealing with racism (Steinberg, 1996). Possible outcomes of ethnic identity development. There are four ways to deal with ethnicity (Steinberg, 1996):  ·Assimilation–adopting the cultural norms of the majority while rejecting the norms of one’s own culture.  ·Separation–rejecting the majority culture and associating only with members of one’s own culture.  ·Marginality–living within majority culture but feeling estranged.  ·Biculturalism–maintaining ties to both cultures. According to Steinberg (1996) many believe that biculturalism is more successful than the other four. With biculturalism minority youth have access to the norms of the majority and minority culture depending on the situation. References  ·Smith, Elise J. Ethnic Identity Development: Toward the Development of A Theory within the Context of Majority/Minority Status. Journal of Counseling and Development: JCD. v70. n1. Sept. 1991. p. 181-188.  ·Spencer, Margaret Beale. Child Development. v61 n2. Apr. 1990. P. 290-310.  ·Dashefsky, A. (Eds. ). (1976). Ethnic identity in society. Chicago: Rand McNally College Publishing Co. Smith, E. J. (1991). Ethnic identity development: Toward the development of a theory within the context of majority/minority status. Journal of Counseling and Development, 70, 181-187.  ·Steinberg, L. (1996). Adolescence. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.

Questions On The Fourth Amendment - 1770 Words

HOMEWORK: 1 1. Describe Fourth Amendment as you understand including all areas and places it covers? A. The main aim of us constitution about the fourth amendment law is to protect the people from unreasonable searches and seizes and also the right of the people to be secure from persons, papers, effects etc....They are no right to search or seize any individuals without any search warrant. They must not be violated by warrants issued without any cause, supported by oath or affirmation, or not describing any of the places particularly to be searched. This law balances in mainly two subjects with the same ratio â€Å"protecting individual’s Fourth Amendment rights and protecting government interests, such as public safety† etc....The fourth†¦show more content†¦Again in other case if a judge has issued a warrant he can break the door when there is no response from the person and go inside the house to investigate and also he can catch at the public place also. Upon that they are some exception while searching or seizing the things like emergency, lawful arrest, consents, stop and frisk etc†¦ In the recent years electronic searches and seizures become more in the courts recently due to increase of popularity of the computers. Law enforcement has continuously witnessed continuously increasing of crimes in electronically. This mainly includes in hard drives computers. As per the USA patriot act the legislation’s provisions decided to increase the law of enforcement to search the emails and telephonic communication from different fields. By this they can trap the call and issue the search warrants rather than the surveillance warrant. The law included in the fourth amendment is called The Exclusionary Rule. This law includes the search and seize unreasonably towards the accused. 2. Are there exceptions to having a ‘search warrant’ before a search can be conducted? A. yes, they are some exceptions for a search warrant before a search can be conducted. In some cases a warrant is not required; mainly the fourth amendment covers some of the situations like, in emergency circumstances a search warrant is not required, here officer can directly search without any warrant which is lawful. Because in this case ifShow MoreRelatedQuestions On The Fourth Amendment1813 Words   |  8 Pages1) Describe Fourth Amendment as you understand including all areas and places it covers? Fourth Amendment protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures of certain papers, books, documents etc. Rules are not violated in it. There must be probable reason because in order to arrest a particular person without a search warrant. It possesses an oath or affirmation from the government. It has two fundamental rights as Right to privacy and Right to freedom. Search occurs when it has a correctRead MoreQuestions On Fourth Amendment Jurisprudence2218 Words   |  9 Pages†¢ Fourth Amendment jurisprudence is primarily concentrated in four areas: 1) defining â€Å"searches†; 2) the Warrant Requirement, in which warrantless searches are semantically precluded except in specific and tightly constricted situations; 3) the Probable Cause Requirement, whose exclusive provisions are closely associated with the Warrant Requirement’s proscription of police inquiries into same; and, 4) the exclusionary rule, which presumptively excludes any informati on or evidence gatheredRead MoreSearch And Seizure : Lesson Plan1069 Words   |  5 PagesSearch and Seizure Lesson Plan Teacher: Miradije Rashiti Grade Level: 11th Grade Subject Area: U.S. Civics Content Focus: Fourth Amendment Relevant State and National Content Standards/Common Core Standards CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.11-12.3 Evaluate various explanations for actions or events and determine which explanation best accords with textual evidence, acknowledging where the text leaves matters uncertain. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.RH.11-12.7 Integrate and evaluate multiple sources of information presentedRead MoreThe Second Amendment And The Fourth Amendment1384 Words   |  6 Pagesthis reason, the agencies and enterprises have been called into question of infringement of the fourth. Using the lessons learned from history, the framers of the constitutions created the fourth amendment, which protects from unreasonable searches, and the fifth amendment, which prevents a person from incriminating himself or herself, to create a government with just laws, but with the advancement in technology, the fourth amendment needs to expand its policies to fit the changes in modern societyRead MoreName Of The Case: Katz V. The United States. 389 Us 3471203 Words   |  5 Pagesarguing that the recordings violated his fourth amendment right to which the Court of Appeals rejected this point, noting the absence of a physical intrusion into the phone booth itself. The Court granted certiorari. Issue: Does the Fourth Amendment protection against unreasonable searches and seizures require the police to obtain a search warrant in order to wiretap a public pay phone? Holding: Although the Court ruled that Katz was entitled to Fourth Amendment protection for his conversations andRead MoreU.s. Supreme Court And The Fourth Amendment1564 Words   |  7 PagesThe U.S. Supreme Court and the Fourth Amendment Since the founding of the American Democracy, partisanship has always been a major problem when it comes to political aspects of the law. The Constitution was designed to implement laws into our country that would make our governing body run smoother with fewer conflicts. However, when dealing with Democracy based on the â€Å"people’s word† it is hard to avoid such conflicts. Since each citizen in our country has the right to freedom of speech and thoughtRead MoreApplication Of The Gps Monitoring Program1488 Words   |  6 Pagesindividual found to be a recidivist sex offender must be ordered to partake in the sex offender monitoring system. Grady raised objections to the program arguing because of the unreasonable searches the structure of the program allows that his Fourth Amendment rights would be violated. The purpose of the GPS monitoring program enforced by the Division of Adult Correction is to manage the risk assessment of individuals who enter into public society after having been imprisoned. As participants in theRead MoreImagine You Are On A Family Road Trip You Drive Through1403 Words   |  6 Pagesyou are on a family road trip; you drive through a red light. Next thing you know you re getting pulled over and the officer orders you and your family to get out of the car. Either the officer wants to search your vehicle or arrest you. Is the question this legal or illegal for the officer to do? I believe that search and seizure are ethical because it protects citizens from an unlawful entry and provides protection for law enforcement in case a person is dangerous or to provide evidence to useRead MoreMapp V. Ohio ( 1961 )1619 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Fourth Amendment, which protects against unreasonable searches and seizures,† which cannot be used in the law on the stat e level or in criminal prosecutions in state courts, and in addition, federal criminal law prosecutions in federal courts (MAPP v. OHIO. They Oyez Project at IIT Chicago-Kent College of Law.) The Supreme Court successfully completed this by use of selective incorporation. In Mapp the association was within the incorporation of the provisions, of the Fourth Amendment whichRead MoreLaw Enforcement s Use Of Illegal Search Warrants1009 Words   |  5 PagesLaw Enforcement’s use of illegal search warrants in violation of the fourth amendment rights. This is the case of Jones v. United States (2012). Antoine Jones owned a nightclub in the District of Columbia. In 2004, a joint Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and Metropolitan Police Department task force began investigating Jones for narcotics violations. During the course of the investigation, a Global Positioning System (GPS) device was installed on Jones s Jeep Grand Cherokee, without a valid